I don't know if there's any "go-to" source that provides income vs investment numbers.
Keep in mind that a large number of F1 races are state-sponsored and the intent is to bring international prestige, not (necessarily) money to the track. Costs to build a track and run a race are bankrolled through governments.
All tracks hosting a GP have to pay a sanctioning fee which is generally in the 30-40 milliom(USD) price range. Broadcast rights are the exclusive possession of F1 and the FIA - nothing goes to the track. Costs can be reduced if the event has a title-sponsor.
Indy (allegedly) paid a much lower fee because the little troll, the FIA and the sponsors/manufacturers wanted to race in the US. The Speedway (like some others) only made/make money on ticket sales and concessions.
Yes, there is the benefit of tourist-based revenue, but only the state of Indiama or the city of Indianopolis might have the necessary financial numbers. They would have the statistics (relative to sales tax income) derived around the time races have been held.. Hospitality, food and retail suppliers would be the biggest beneficiaries, but they won't survive on stand-alone events.
I live in the Atlanta area and experienced the euphoria and hype of hosting the Olympics. Fifteen years later there are monuments to extravagant plans, huge budgets and stupid/dishonest politicians allied with naive/crooked entrepeneurs - those monuments are showcased by empty lots, crime-ridden venues or fenced-off, cobweb ridden and unused buildings.
Hosting the USGP might be great fun, but don't put too much into the idea of making a lot money at the local level - my.02$...........
