I do some work for a company that runs hospitals in the U.S. On paper - and through a circuitous route, the company is owned by a Hungarian trust - along with about 35 associated businesses like real estate (hospitals lease the land), medication purchasing, a company to administer 401k funds, an equipment leasing company, etc...
One thing the reporter got wrong - the companies have no interest in bringing the money back - wherever it gives them the best return is where it stays. The wealthy folks I've run across have allegiance to their wealth, not any particular country. Many are good business people - they work within the rules and are admired by people for the great work they do. They have no qualms about exploiting the rules to the fullest extent and have no qualms about influencing whomever to change the rules as needed. Paying $25k for dinner with the POTUS is a dawdle.
A few years ago the U.S. Virgin Islands wanted to promote investment and development - they offered a corp. tax rate of 7.5% if key shareholders established residency, opened a corp. office and hired at least 7 people. So the key shareholder owns a nice house overlooking megan's bay and has an empty office in St. Thomas. Seven people got lucky and get paid whether they show up or not. When that deal went south because all the companies that took advantage of the rule did the same thing, the money went to Switzerland then Liechtenstein and on to Romania and Hungary.
The big picture is that for a company that gets big enough - the world becomes a big market to shop for the best deals on where to keep your cash. If the U.S. isn't competitive, the money leaves. The people that get stuck with the tab are the ones that don't have enough cash to go find a better deal.