Here is my basic process for detailing a car, my buffer is a DeWalt 849.
Here are the pads I use and will reference in this post.
http://www.autogeek.net/lc-ccs-7inch-pads.html
The first steps are to wash and clay the car, I like optimum no rinse because I don't have to drag out the hose, and I can wash in any weather without freezing on cold days or having to race water spots on hot sunny days. ONR can also be used as a claybar lubricant.
http://www.autogeek.net/no-rinse-wash.html
Pick whatever clay bar you want to use the brand doesn't really matter, they are all basically the same as they are licensed from the same patent.
To start out I generally use Optimum Compound with an orange Lake Country pad depending on how bad the paint was, if it wasn't that bad I would just start out on the next buffing step, if it was worse I would use a Lake Country Yellow pad with Optimum Compound.
http://www.autogeek.net/optimum-compound.html
You could use a more agressive pad/compound combo if you really want to, but the object is to do as little buffing as possible to get the paint looking good.
Also the first step of buffing will take the longest because you'll be taking your time getting out all of the major imperfections.
After that I use Optimum Polish II with an LC green or white pad.
http://www.autogeek.net/opt400.html
Then followed with 3M 06068 Ultrafine Machine polish with either a gray or blue pad.
http://www.autogeek.net/3m-ultra-fine-polish.html
Then top with Opti-Seal
http://www.autogeek.net/optimum-opti-seal.html
And then the wax of your choice, I like Poorboys Natty Red or Blue and AutoGlym HD wax
http://www.autogeek.net/poorboys-nattys-red-wax.html
http://www.autogeek.net/nattys-blue.html
http://www.amazon.com/Autoglym-HDWAXUS-High-Definition-Wax/dp/B001FEISS6
Also a little tip,
To test and see if what you are doing will be enough to correct the paint, put a line of tape down a section where you can get a good side by side comparison. Run through of the buffing steps real quick, then pull off the tape and compare against the untouched area, if there are still some deep swirls you may need to use a more agressive pad.
For REALLY heavy correction use the Compound II with the yellow pad, but that can take off material pretty fast if you're not careful (especially with a rotary buffer) so only use that on the really bad spots.
In all the dozens of cars I've detailed I've only run in to a handful of cars that had scratches bad enough to need a yellow pad.