Gerry Baker: You obviously reject the idea that we in the West are somehow responsible for this because it was provocative to encourage the idea of NATO membership for certain countries, particularly Ukraine, that we have been provoking Russia with encouraging Ukraine to turn to the West when it's historically been so close to Russia. You just reject all that. You think that Putin's objective here was a wider expansionism to roll back NATO essentially, and not a kind of defensive move to embrace Ukraine, to keep Ukraine within the Russian embrace.
Fred Kagan: I'm terribly sorry. I hope my face didn't hurt your fist.
Gerry Baker: But you know, there are serious people have said this, people like Bob Gates said we went too far.
Fred Kagan: Absolutely. And look, I think there's lots of debate in discussion that one could have about how we handled the nineties and how we handled NATO expansion and all of that sort of stuff. Those are absolutely valid debates and discussions we could have, but look, let's just carry that forth, shall we? Putin has every right to be pissed off about what happened in the nineties. He has every right to be aggravated about the expansion of NATO and to feel actually, not truthfully, that NATO lied to Russia, which isn't actually true, or that he was betrayed in some way, or even to feel that these things are threats. Those are all within his rights. He has every right to have whatever opinions he wants to have about whether Ukraine should exist as an independent state, whether there's Ukrainian ethnicity. He has a right to all of those opinions. What he doesn't have a right to do is to invade and launch a genocidal war. So the problem that I have with that argument is that one can recognize the various reasons that Russia might be aggravated, but one also has to recognize that there simply isn't a world in which an appropriate and acceptable response to all of that is to launch a genocidal war. That's the problem that I have with that argument. So did NATO provoke this war? Absolutely not. Did NATO expansion aggravate Russia? Sure. But there's another issue here also, which is Putin's fundamental argument is that states of the former Soviet Union have qualified and truncated sovereignty. That's what it means when he says that he has a sphere of influence that must be respected and that he can dictate what alliances the states of the former Soviet Union can join. That means that they're not fully sovereign states, but here's the problem. Russia recognized them as fully sovereign states. And Putin's biggest problem, the person who actually made the mistakes and betrayed Russia from this perspective was, in the first instance, the late Gorbachev, who allowed the Soviet Union to collapse, and then Putin's own mentor, Boris Yeltsin, who recognized all of these changes. If Putin wishes to feel betrayed by anyone, those are the people he should feel betrayed by, because they created the international world order and the recognition of these states that made what he did absolutely illegal and unjustifiable.
Great conversation.
it goes on:
Fred Kagan: Crimea is always the hardest thing to see how the Ukrainians pull off, because it's just so easy to defend. There's a narrow neck of land that connects it to the mainland, and the Russians would really fundamentally have to just break and flee it. Now I could imagine circumstances in which that would happen, but I wouldn't bet a ruble on it one way or the other. I think it's possible, but I won't even begin to try to call that. But in terms of recovering all of, shall we say mainland Ukraine, it's very possible. I have no question that the Russian military at this point is weak enough that the Ukrainians could defeat it and that there isn't anything Putin could do, at least conventionally, to stop it. What I don't know is what capability the Ukrainians have, and another key variable here is whether the West will have the will to continue to provide them the wherewithal to do it. I think, based on what I'm seeing, that the Ukrainians probably do have the capability. And I also think that the West probably will continue to have the will, especially the more it looks like the Ukrainians can do this. I think the West will want to, and also feel obliged to help. So I think this is a very realistic possibility, Gerry, and it's what we absolutely should be doing everything in our power to try to make happen, because nothing better could happen for the world, let alone Ukraine, than to have the Russians have initiated this absolutely unjustified invasion and have been defeated completely in the process.
https://www.wsj.com/podcasts/opinion-free-expression/is-russia-on-the-brink-of-defeat/4a35c321-bb26-4584-bfab-567cd6350545