We just happen to have both ends of that spectrum. Here's some numbers:
Modded NA Miata (~135whp), and a stock ZL1 Camaro (more than $30k, but bear with me).
Tires: I'll use RE71R for both for comparison... Miata $600/set. Camaro $1800/set. My guess is that a set will last at least twice as long on the Miata, but I don't have enough track time on the Camaro yet to say for sure.
Brake pads are about a wash (I have big Wilwoods on the Miata), but the Miata set will last a lot longer.
The Miata uses about 1/2 the fuel per track mile.
Camaro costs ~$400/track weekend for HPDE insurance. If I ever wad up the Miata, I have a spare chassis that I bought for $500 that cost me $0 after selling some parts off it.
Camaro oil change is $100+, Miata is ~$30. Camaro will also require more frequent trans and diff fluid changes which aren't cheap.
Obviously, the Camaro is MUCH faster around a track. It's also MUCH more expensive to track than our Miata.
Both my wife and I think the Miata is more fun to drive on the track. YMMV.
That said, if I were looking for a DD I could track without having to mod it, in your price range I would take a hard look at a Gen 6 ('16 up) SS 1LE Camaro. They should be coming into your price range, and you can't buy more performance for that money. It's already equipped for the track from the factory, in every respect (suspension, brakes, cooling, etc.), to the point that the GM factory warranty covers track use. It's still going to be expensive to track (a set of 305 square RE71Rs is still $1760), but should be fast and reliable. And you get a modern car with all the sophistication and gadgetry.
Anything old/cheap enough to mod for track use is going to suck as a daily.